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Helpful ReplyHot!Army Airway Communications Service (AACS)

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LarryJ
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Army Airway Communications Service (AACS)

     I'm am still involved in research and documenting the 315th Bombardment Wing (VH), but I am about to bite off a lot more than I can chew.  I'm starting some research on what was known during WWII as the Army Airways Communications Service (AACS).  This was a function that grew out of the Signal Corp and provided support to the AAF.  The division between the Signal Corp and the AACS is a fine line that I am trying to get a better grip on.  AACS evolved briefly (about 7 months) to the Air Communications Service, then to the Airways and Air Communications Service, retaining the acronym AACS, and eventually became the Air Force Communications Service (AFCS) and follow on designations.  While called AFCS is when I became involved with them on active duty with the Air Force and spent the bulk of my Air Force career with AFCS/AFCC, with brief excursions to the former Strategic Air Command (SAC) as a communicator.
     I have, for research purposes,  copies of "The Air Force Communications Command: Providing the Reins of Command 1938-1981 An Illustrated History," as well as three of the "Green Books" relating to the Signal Corp during WWII, "The Emergency;" 'The Test;" and "The Outcome."  (The Green Books were an effort to document the US Army history in WWII and cover most aspects of the US Army in WWII.  Electronic copies may be found on the web at http://www.history.army.m...s/collect/usaww2.html)
     I am interested in making contact with anyone, either veterans of the AACS or their descendants, with stories, photos or memoribilia relating to the AACS.  My goal is to eventually develop a web page or possibly a book focused on the AACS.  For anyone so interested, there is an association that began as the AACS Alumni Association that has grown to encompass active duty communicators and air traffic controllers.  They are on the web at http://www.afcommatc.org/index.html .  I am a life member of the association, but that is my only connection to them.
Thanks;

Larry 
SMSgt, USAF Retired
http://www.315bw.org
k9iua
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink) ☄ Helpfulby sroussi
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Don't forget Chapter 12 in Volume VII of the "THE ARMY AIR FORCES In World War II" by Craven and Cate.  You can download that from the AFHSO here: http://www.afhso.af.mil/b...cations/titleindex.asp
 
Kevin Anderson
LarryJ
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Thanks Kevin for pointing that out.  I have the Craven and Cates series, just had not looked at all the chapter headings.
 
73, de N9LBG

Larry 
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mbee53
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Here is a Table of Organization you may fine interesting.
 
 1-447 (23 Dec 43) Region Control Headquarters and Army Airways Communication Squadron:

Unit                                       Off    WO      Enl
Region Control Headquarters    8                 12
Army Airways Communication Squadron:
Squadron Headquarters            3      1         10
Class A Station                        2                 24
Class B Station                        1                 12
Class C Station                        1                 11
Class D Station                                           5
Class E Station                                            4
Class IL Station                                          10
Class P Station                        1                   8
Class R Station                                            8
Class RT Station                      1                 16
Class T Station                        1                  5
Class X Station                        1                  5
Class Y Station                                            9
Class Z Station                                            6
Cryptographic Sections:
    Class I Station                    4                  16
    Class II Station                   2                  8
    Message Center                                     10
 
Each squadron had a variable number of each class of station, so that no two squadrons had the same strength.

Mark
LarryJ
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Thanks for TO&E

Larry 
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mbee53
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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This T/O was of course was only a summary.  The original has way more detail.  If you ever research the AAF Weather Service, it was organized very similar.

Mark
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Thanks again Mark.  I figured it was just the manning part of the TO&E, I have several copies pertaining to bomber units, so I understood it wasn't complete.  It would be interesting to have a copy of the TO&E, but having the manning numbers is great.  One of my great challenges is just understanding the organization structure of the AACS.  That TO&E is for 1943 and a Region HQ and a Comm Sq, there were also AACS Wings later in the war.  These wings had detachments all over the CBI and perhaps also in the ETO and MTO.  But like I indicated, I'm in the initial stages.
I don't believe I'll delve into the weather organization at this point, but may have to as there may have been a correlation between the two functions, comm and weather.  Really, my next big project will be the Engineers, Aviation.
 

Larry 
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bernies
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Probably the best book about AACS in WW II (if you can find it) is Louis Shores' Highways in the Sky.
It all began as the Army Airways Communications System in 1938. This AACS was a named function, not an organization.  Its first three squadrons, (1,2,3 Comm Sqs) were not assigned to it, but to the 3 tactical wings.  After a fourth squadron was activated in 1940, the squadrons eventually were assigned to the four continental air forces.  However, AACS managed their operations, which centered around air traffic control -- which in those days included a lot of TTY and not much voice outside local control towers.  They also provided the comm support for weather units.
With the addition of more squadrons/regions in the US and overseas, by early 1944, there were 24 Airways Communications Squadrons (as they had been redesignated).
In April 1943, the AAF formed Flight Control Command in Ashville, NC.  One of its key components was the Army Airways Communications System Wing, which was the beginning of AACS as an organization.  Airways Communications Squadrons in the US were assigned to it.  About a year later, overseas squadrons came under the jurisdiction of AACS through intermediate Airways Control Areas.  AACS came directly under Hq, AAF in summer 1943 and dropped the "Wing" in Apr 1944, and after WW II substituted "Service" for "System."
In May 1944, AACS disbanded its existing units and came under the AAF Base Unit system.  However, in common use, the proper designations of the AAF Base Units were not used, but their parentheticals were.
The 85th through 92d AAF Base Units replaced the Airways Control Areas.  These were the 1st through 8th AACS Wings.
The 51st through 74th AACS Groups (technically lettered sections of the AAFBUs) replaced the existing squadrons.
New squadrons were formed where there were large detachments (again lettered sections of the AAFBUs), initially numbered as the 101st through 157th AACS Squadrons.
 
Non AACS AAF units handled:
Some tactical comm (Tactical Air Comm Sqs)
 
Signal Corps units handled:
Other tactical comm (done by Signal Battalions, Tac Air Command, Signal Companies Wing, Signal Companies, AF)
Base comm (done by Signal Companies, Service Group)
Installation and maintenance (done by Signal Construction Battalions and Companies, Signal Companies, Depot, Signal Equipment Installation Units, Signal Radio Maintenance Units, etc.)

Bernie Shearon
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mbee53
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Bernie and LarryJ,
I have to disagree with Bernie on the assignment of Communications Squadrons 1938-43.  The four Communications Squadrons (1-4) were assigned to Office Chief of of the Air Corps from 1938-42.  The Communications Service was run from a Control Section of the Operations Division of OCAC during that period.

Mark
bernies
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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More detail on the AACS mission, from the original document establishing the system:
"the operation of all fixed Air Corps radio facilities installed for the purpose of facilitating air traffic between Army flying fields in the continental United States."
As to command, the same document states that the system "will be operated under the direction and control of the Chief of the Air Corps.", but "The First, Second and Third Communications Squadrons will be assigned to the First, Second, and Third Communications Regions, respectively."
In the History of AACS in WW II, speaking of 1943, justifying the establishment of the first Airways Control Areas "Overseas regions were attached to theater Air Forces in combat areas and to Air Transport Command in noncombat areas."
I believe that the arrangement for most of this period was the same as pertained until 1991.  AACS/AFCS/AFCC squadrons were adminstratively assigned to a central headquarters, but attached to the local operational unit. (When I commanded a Comm Sq, my squadron was assigned to Southern Communications Area, but attached to the 22nd Combat Support Group (SAC), and my report card was written by the Group Commander, not the Area Commander.)

Bernie Shearon
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LarryJ
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Bernie,
Thanks for the heads up on Highways in the Sky.  Reading it now.  The author must use the term "highways in the sky" at least every page!  If he missed a page, he doubles up on the next one!
Do you have a copy of the original document establishing the system?  Is it possible I could get a scanned copy?

Larry 
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bernies
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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I'm surprised you were able to get a copy of Shores' book so fast.  I read it over thirty years ago.  Probably remembered the title because of its overuse.
If my scanner stops being cranky, Ill send you a copy of the Adjutant General letter if you can give me your email in a PM,

Bernie Shearon
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Larry,
 
After WW-II my father, Lt. Col. John M. Carah, was a lifetime member of AACS and later, AFCS, until his retirement in 1966.  His assignments included Hempstead, Long Island; Edmonton, Alberta; Offut AFB in Bellvue; Dharan, Saudi Arabia in 1950 (in lieu of Korea); Ruislip, London; Prestwick, Scotland; Aerospace School of Medicine at Brooks AFB; Andersen AFB, Guam; and finally as a communications squadron commander at Sheppard AFB, TX, where he retired.
 
He handled everything from cryptology, to MARS, SSB, antenna farm design, telecomunications and all of the command functions associated with each.  During most of this time he was also rated as a multi-engine pilot.
 
I cannot speak to the specifics of his duties--most were classified--but I do have some photos which may be of interest to you and your history.
 
Regards,

Warren B. Carah
LarryJ
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Warren, 
Thanks for the response.  Anything you would like to share, I would appreciate receiving.  I will send a pm with my email address.
Looks like your father retired the same year I entered active duty!

Larry 
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435thsighvbattalion
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Hi guys, could you please possibly tell me the association of the 435th SIGNAL HEAVY CONSTRUCTION BATTALION OF WWII 1942-1945? I'm having trouble finding info online about it and until i can get his unit history from archives i'd still like to be able to read about it. Were all 435th units in WWII part of the same division? Like the 435th TCG would they have been with the 435th Sig Hv Btn?  Any information you could share would be great 435th Signal Heavy Construction Battalion Co B. Lineman 238.
mbee53
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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I can tell you that the 435th Sig Hv Const Bn, has nothing to do with the AACS, nor is it related to, or assigned to any combat or service group.  It was assigned directly to the Twelfth AF.

Mark
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Re:Army Airway Communications Service (AACS) (permalink)
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Unlike the post 1947 air force, it was unusual in WW II for numbers to be duplicated by subordinate units (with the exception of depot groups and squadrons), so there would be no association of the Battalion with the 435th TCG.
Although AACS did take over a number of signal installation and maintenance units immediately after the war, the 435th was not among them.
The 435th did return to the US when the war in Europe ended, and was at Camp Pinedale, CA in spring 1946.
A list of AFHRA holdings on the unit is at http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/search.php?q=0435+signal+battalion
 

Bernie Shearon
Push the stick forward, the houses get bigger. Pull the stick back, the houses get smaller (unless you keep pulling -- then they get bigger again)
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