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 History: Willow Run Liberators
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WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 01/23/2008 04:14:01 PM
Tonight I feel myself getting more involved with a project at YAM, but it could turn out to be very interesting.  As part of the devastating fire of October 2004, the rebuilding stages of the Museum are spread out over time.  One of the current ideas is to "build-to-scale" the FO WR Lib Assembly Room.  Tonight I've made contact with a person who is the current curator of archives for Albert Kahn and Associatates who was the architect for the  FO WR Plant.  I have attached a photo of the YAM project.  In trying to search down assistance, I came upon an item about the original construction of the plant. "It was built totally without windows and illuminated by electricity due to the wartime blackout restrictions." Incredible, when you think abou the size of the facility.  Only the Administration Building (west end) had windows, but this was a "daytime" operation only.  Best Regards!    Steven

[image]local://upfiles/11777/457020EB267F4605B3E3B3DD41581BF6.jpg[/image]
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
Life Member: Yankee Air Museum
WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 01/26/2008 03:36:25 PM
Thought I'd share( add) this aerial photo looking "due EAST" across the massive FO WR plant with the WR Airport to the right.  Looking closely at the photo one can see the "L" shape of the plant, with the leg of the "L" in the foreground. The far end of the plant, east, at the top of the photo is the Assembly area.  It is here that that Henry Ford's "tax turn" took place.  The A/C's took a "hard right" 90 degrees because the end of the building was also the end of the county."   The A/C's queued on the tarmac have been accepted by the AAF and are actually sitting in "another county."  Strange were the ways of Henry Ford, but it made great business sense!  Best Regards!  Steven

[image]local://upfiles/11777/44F16B8418324342A171469D1D9E0A45.jpg[/image]
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
Life Member: Yankee Air Museum
WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 01/26/2008 04:22:42 PM
As the "Arsenals of Democracy" geared up on the Home Front during WWII, the manufacturing facilities, through necessity, improved upon or were "forced" to provide items that "changed the landscape."  At FO WR, this became an understatement!  Located 50+ miles from Detroit in the middle of "rural America," FO WR needed help! Although as time progressed and the I-94 Interstate was already in progress, there was another interesting phenomenon, the "tri-level" entrance to the Plant which was advertised as the "First in the United States."  It is still in existence today, albeit after many "face-lifts." It is amazing when one realizes the volume of vehicles it carried at the height of production where there were 42,000 employees building B-24 Liberators 24-7.  The attached photo shows the tri-level.  The next post will show it, in reference to the plant to the left. It was not only the VETS who won the war, but also the mechanics and the Homefront!  Best Regards!  Steven

Attachment (1)

This photo appears to the center-left (N) of the photo appearing in post #82.  Best Regards!  Steven
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
Life Member: Yankee Air Museum
WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 02/09/2008 06:53:52 PM
When ole Henry Ford had his architects lay out the design of the mammoth FO WR Plant, he ensured that it would not be stretched out across two counties for tax purposes.  Laid out in the form of an "L" to make the most use of the real estate, the final assembly area took a "sharp right" (south) where the two assembly lines used "turn tables" to rotate the A/C's.  In the attached photo, the gentlemen are standing at what would be the north side of the plant facing the assembly area. The "stick" model of the plant was to scale.  The architectural firm of Kahn and Associates still retains some prints and layouts of the original plant.  Best Regards!  Steven

[image]local://upfiles/11777/5EB34401D45A43ADB711887CF984E9CC.jpg[/image]
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
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WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 02/10/2008 12:37:50 PM
Nick,  Good Early Afternoon to you (actually Good Evening on your side of the Pond) from a 2 degree F. day in Ann Arbor, MI.  I 've been "under the weather" and off the Web quite a bit lately, but got back on this AM in doing some research.  I'm attaching a Link  (VERY LENGT so you may need to open this post to full page) on "paint" which I though you and some readers might find interesting.  For me, it begged more questions about paint!  I also found it interesting because of the associated "Rosie -the-Riveter" picures in "living colour."  I've also been asked by a member of YAM to look up the paint colour scheme of the "inside of the FO WR Final Assembly Room" from 1941, in order to help make a specific WR Room as part of the YAM rebirth (picture attached). I was able to contact a "Custodian of the Archives" for the Architectural and Engineering Firm of Kahn and Associates who designed the Plant.  Wouldn't you know it: a closet fire years ago destroyed the prints!  I have black and white photos, but nothing in colour. I'm trying o do scrapings.  Anyway, I am slowly learning more about paints!  I've got three great Lib models awaiting my retirement, so  guess I gotta learn!  Best Regards!  Steven
 
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.colorserver.net/history/images/us_interior_colours_07.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.colorserver.net/history/history-zinc-chromate.htm&h=420&w=521&sz=22&hl=en&start=239&tbnid=3OU-y8Oz_xTfiM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Db24%2Bbomber%26start%3D220%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

[image]local://upfiles/11777/D2D129170F6E4235B0CFFB2983ED762F.jpg[/image]
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Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
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buckeyeuk

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 02/12/2008 02:01:12 PM
Thanks Steven    hope you are OK now. Some good stuff on Zinc Chromate; NAVAIR later developed a (what should have been a standard for both Services) light olive green , ANA 611 Interior Green a mix of deep green, yellow and white. The yellow was considered too bright for cockpit areas but it seems several other colours were used like medium green, olive green, or even olive drab or flat black.
It shows you can't be too specific when making models. The "green" chromate in the colour photo looks a good match for Olive Drab 41 !
I've found at least 12 greens which either complement or are quite similar to, Dark Olive Drab 41, U.S., British and Luftwaffe. At least the FS numbers are pretty close. Maybe you will do your B-24s in camouflage !
Don't forget the variations in wing and fuselage insignia on WR B-24s.         Regards   Nick
WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 02/12/2008 08:56:54 PM
Nick,   Thanks for the post!  Absolutely, who can "not forget the FO WR paint scheme including the clean-skin, notched anti-glare paint!  To be honest, when it comes down to "modelling paint" when I retire, I'm a tad overwhelmed!  Thanks for the tips.  Best Regards!  Steven
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
Life Member: Yankee Air Museum
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 02/17/2008 08:37:18 AM
Robert,  Thanks for the comment!  YAM in their monthly pubulication, Hangar Happenings,  keeps a running list of historical events be they aviation, military or significant world events.  Of note, and related to your post, is 28FE44 when FO WR approached its intended goal of "a bomber an hour" by producing "a B-24H every 100 minutes."  Again, based on the production struggles encountered over time, it was quite a feat! 
 
On the 8th AF: B-17 vs. B-24 Thread there are some cross references being posted that tie nicely together.  Just posting my comment to one in order to keep some cntinuity.  Bes Regards!  Steven
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 02/21/2008 07:04:32 PM
1,893 sets of Knock Down (KD) kits produced at WR but assembled into flyable airplanes by Douglas at Tulsa and Consolidated at Fort Worth. From the contractural standpoint a KD was considered 80% of a complete B-24, thus the most Ford could really claim from its KD production would have been 80% of 1893, or 1,514. (And as it turned out this figure should be reduced by two since the first two KDs sent to Douglas suffered from such poor workmanship that they were never assembled into flyable B-24s.)
 
Post #53 of this Thread from Al Blue references the KD's from FO WR which are included in Ford's total number of 8685 A/C's.  I bring this up tonight because of the history of the facility which is about to undergo a severe change!  While the FO WR plant of the early 1940's began with KD's, the present day 21st century GM WR plant will begin preparing KD's of the 4L80E automatic transmission for the Military H-1 HumVee.  While we will be phased out with final build-outs in July of '09, the current variant of the H-1 runs through 2013.  Therefore we have to supply a "bridge run" of transmissions to service the military worldwide.  A bit of history in reverse!  Best Regards!   Steven


 
 

[image]local://upfiles/11777/0CDEABCAC5C04A7DA7D0FB2B92E2FBF8.jpg[/image]
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 02/24/2008 06:24:06 AM
Finally found this picture (12NO42) of the early Final Assembly Line #1 of the FO WR B-24E's which shows probably the best angle onthe A/C.  I've just used it on another Thread but wanted to post it here for continuity.  Best Regards!  Steven

[image]local://upfiles/11777/8188DF80C2AB477E8DE2D11D7C5A8A14.jpg[/image]
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 03/09/2008 08:11:43 PM
In the current newsstand edition of AVIATION HISTORY, May 2008, pp. 28-33, there is an interesting article entitled "Ford's Forgotten Aviation Legacy."  The lead photo is one taken circa January 1943 of the B-24E (missidentified in the photo as a B-24D) on the number 1-2 or "K" Bay Final Assembly Line at FO WR.  What is interesting is the amount of aviation manufacturing in which Henry Ford found himself, and yet he is only remembered for the Ford Tri-motor (nice restored 4-AT-E pictured on p.33) and the 5 million square foot FO WR Liberator  Plant.  Without a double, he forever changed the manufacturing and assembly of automobiles, but in the application of this manufacturing technique to A/C's, it is not the "first mentioned" succss when his name pops up. An article worth a brief glance.   Best Regards!  Steven
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 03/16/2008 04:36:30 PM
In response to my own post,  I have found a photo taken immediately before the one appearing in this post, #24, in which the turntable can be clearly seen to the right forefront of the A/C.  It would be the 2nd of two on the #1 Assembly Line ("K" Line) at the extreme East end of the Assembly Room.  This past week I hosted a tour of folks from YAM and the Henry Ford Historical Museum as we toured what would have been the Assembly Room of FO WR in August 1944.  Using an Assembly flow chart dated 01AU44, old photos and still existing "focal' points in the plant, we were able to map out some very interesting items.  I'll have a special Thread forthcoming in week or so.  Best Regards!  Steven

[image]local://11777/F84DF6416E8E446A9CBC20E1AF59FD86.jpg[/image]
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 03/18/2008 12:46:24 PM
Although from another Thread, I thought I'd add this to the FO WR Thread for continuity.  Best Regards!  Steven
 
 
As has been posted, the B-24G was produced at the North American Dallas Facility exclusively of which only 25 B-24G's were produced and which basically replicated the late model Consolidated/San Diego B-24D with the Sperry ball turret and three different gun nose modifications.  The subsequent variant at Dallas was the B-24G-1 which had the greenhouse nose replaced with the Emerson nose turret.  Also other modifications were recommended to Dallas by FO WR to the effect that when the first B-24G-1 was delivered to the AAF on 03NO43 by Dallas, it was 3 months after the 1st B-24H had been delivered by FO WR.  The "H," as has been previously posted, had several modifications not the least of which was nose armament; improved A-6B tail turret with more ample plexiglas side panels for gunner visibility;  top turret improvement using the Martin A-3D "high hat;"  waist guns were enclosed adding also the swivel gun mount; downward opening nose wheel doors; at FO WR the waist windows were staggered at Block 20;also by 12FE44 the FO WR facility no longer used the OD/CAMO paint, but shipped only clean skins going forward. Dallas also eliminated the OD/CAMO with its block G-10.  Among crews, the B-24H became one of the most popular variants of which more than 3100 were produced.  There were also other MODS as had been previously posted. 
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Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 03/23/2008 11:48:17 AM
In the process of reading the book:  The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh, much time is devoted to Lindbergh's friendship to Henry Ford and his subsequent employment by Ford to help "kick start" the FO WR Facility as it lagged behind its aggressive timeline to produce its first A/C.  (Keep in mind that the very first B-24E which came out the hangar door in May 1942 was actually a kit from CO assembled at FO WR.)  Lindbergh saw the need early on for many changes in the design of the Lib from the point of view of those who would fly in it.  I have attached one such selection which I have included from another Thread.  He also saw the extreme weakness in firepower especially from the nose as well as armour plating improvement, strengthening the nose wheel, removing the in-flight shimmy, improving hydraulics, etc.  As production increased, engineering blocks became a way of life.  Best Regards!  Steven
 
In the book: Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh (Harcourt-Brace, 1970), in speaking about concerns with the initial design of many facets of the B-24 Liberator, Lindbergh speaks on pp. 641-642 about the automatic deployment of life rafts. (Keep in mind that Lindbergh, a close friend and associate of Henry Ford, was hired by  Ford in early 1942 as a "Consultant" to the FO WR Facility in order to expedite the start of production for the B-24E.  As an aviator unfamiliar with the mass production techniques of Ford, he was in a "learning curve" during which he found many engineering and design changes that needed to be incorporated into the A/C).   "Found that no break cord or sea anchor is attached to the B-24 life rafts.  When the emergency life-raft release is pulled, the carbon-dioxide inflation bottle is turned on, and the raft is catapulted away from the fuselage.  The slightest wind would blow it over the water faster than the crew could swim after it; and since there is almost always a wind at sea, it is most likely that the crew would ever reach their life raft after they were catapulted.  The idea of the catapult is that the B-24 would sink so fast after landing on water that the only hope of getting to a life raft would be to catapult it away from the ship immediately upon striking the water."  This is just one of many recommendations that Lindbergh had made to the AAF early on.  In the attached B-24E photo, taken at FO WR almost a year later than the above quote (12MY42), you can see an employee on the right working on the "life-raft hatch" at the Final Assembly "K" Line just after the "Tax Turn." 

Thumbnail Image


Attachment (1)

_____________________________

 
 
 
 
 
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 03/24/2008 06:06:42 PM
Attached is a link to an article based on "lean manufactuing" as applied to the manufacturing of A/C's by the Ford Motor Company at FO WR.  Often time there had been a lot of "hype" about the facility, but when it was all said and done, it came a long way and did produce.  Those interested in the manufacturing aspect might find the statistics interesting.  Best Regards!  Steven
http://www.strategosinc.com/willow_run.htm
 
 
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 03/28/2008 10:48:10 AM
I think this might be the best place to ask, instead of starting another thread, but can someone post a link where I can find diagrams for a B-24?  I'm looking for something you might fiind in an Osprey book with cut-aways and measurements, something more then wingspan, length, etc.  I've developed a curiousity lately about interior dimensions for various crew positions and I don't foresee myself being able to get aboard the Collings B-24 with a tape measure anytime soon. 
WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 04/03/2008 08:53:25 PM
On Wednesday, 12MR08, I had the pleasure to host a tour of the former FO WR plant (now GM WR) for the project manager of the 1:72 scale model of the Bomber Assembly Room being built by YAM, other YAM volunteers, the Webmaster for the YAM Site, the Curator of the Transportation Section of the Henry Ford Museum and an Henry Ford Museum Architect.  The attached Link is probably more exciting to "insiders," but thought I'd post it anyway.  For those involved, we tried to visualize the old structure as it would have appeared in August of 1944, using a Plant Flow Diagram dated 01AU44 which I used as a basis for the tour.  Hopefully, "key pictures" may be identified at a later time.  Best Regards!  Steven
 
http://public.fotki.com/Kos/members_photo_galle/willow-run-plant---/
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
Life Member: Yankee Air Museum
WillowRun

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RE: History: Willow Run Liberators - 04/03/2008 09:04:49 PM
Cedric,   There are different Sites out there, but here is a quickie reference for a start!  When you get to the attached link, you can "click" onto different parts of the A/C.  One of the thrills of my life was flying on the Collings Foundation "Witchcraft" on 07AU05!  Good Hunting! Best Regards!  Steven 
 
http://www.acseac.co.uk/pages/cutaway/
 
 
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Steven P. Puhl
Willow Run Historian  (RET.)  
Home of 8685 Ford B-24 Liberators
Life Member: Yankee Air Museum
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